59. Proof of facts by oral evidence. All facts, except the contents of documents or electronic records may be proved by oral evidence. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act each section wise. Download beautiful, colourful PDF for Evidence Act.KEEP READING
60. Oral evidence must be direct. Oral evidence must, in all cases whatever, be direct; that is to say- If it refers to a fact which could be seen, it must be the evidence of a witness who says who says he saw it; If it refers to a fact whichKEEP READING
61. Proof of contents of documents. The contents of documents may be proved either by primary or by secondary evidence. Comment: (a) A man may lie but a document will never lie. Related Case- Afzauddin Ansari v. State of West Bengal, 1997 (b) Admission of a document amounts to admission ofKEEP READING
62. Primary evidence. Primary evidence means the document itself produced for the inspection of the Court. Explanation 1- Where a document is executed in several parts, each part is primary evidence of the document. Where a document is executed in counterparts, each counterpart being executed by one or some ofKEEP READING
63. Secondary Evidence. Secondary evidence means and includes- 1. Certified copies given under the provisions hereinafter contained. 2. Copies made from the original by mechanical processes which in themselves insure the accuracy of the copy and copies compared with such copies. 3. Copies made from or compared with the original.KEEP READING
64. Proof of documents by primary evidence. Documents must be proved by primary evidence except in the cases hereinafter mentioned. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act each section wise. Download beautiful, colourful PDF for Evidence Act.KEEP READING
65. Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given. Secondary evidence may be given of the existence, condition or contents of a document in the following cases- (a) When the original is shown or appears to be in the possession or power– of the person against whomKEEP READING
65A. Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record. The contents of electronic records may be proved in accordance with the provisions of section 65B. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act each section wise. Download beautiful, colourful PDF for Evidence Act.KEEP READING
65B. Admissibility of electronic records. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, any information contained in an electronic record which is printed on a paper, stored, recorded or copied in optical or magnetic media produced by a computer (hereinafter referred to as the computer output) shall be deemed to beKEEP READING
66. Rules as to notice to produce. Secondary evidence of the contents of the documents referred to in Section 65, Clause (a), shall not be given unless the party proposing to give such secondary evidence has previously given to the party in whose possession or power the document is, orKEEP READING
67. Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced. If a document is alleged to be signed or to have been written wholly or in part by any person, the signature or the handwriting of so much of the document as is allegedKEEP READING
67A. Proof as to electronic signature. Except in the case of a secure electronic signature, if the electronic signature of any subscriber is alleged to have been affixed to an electronic record the fact that such electronic signature is the electronic signature of the subscriber must be proved. Read IndianKEEP READING
68. Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested. If a document is required by law to be attested it shall not be sued as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the purpose of proving its execution if there be an attestingKEEP READING
69. Proof where no attesting witness found. If no such attesting witness can be found, or if the document purports to have been executed in the United Kingdom, it must be proved that the attestation of one attesting witness at least is in his handwriting, and that the signature ofKEEP READING
70. Admission of execution by party to attested document. The admission of a party to an attested document of its execution by himself shall be sufficient proof of its execution as against him, though it be a document required by law to be attested. Read Indian Evidence Act in aKEEP READING
71. Proof when attesting witness denies the execution. If the attesting witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the document its execution may be proved by other evidence. *Object- (i) Section 71 is in the nature of a safeguard to the mandatory provisions of section 68, to meetKEEP READING
