45A. Opinion of Examiner of electronic evidence. When in a proceeding, the court has to form an opinion on any matter relating to any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the examiner of electronic evidence referred to inKEEP READING
46. Facts bearing upon opinions of experts. Facts, not otherwise relevant, are relevant if they support or are inconsistent with the opinion of experts when such opinions are relevant. Illustrations- (a) The question is, whether A was poisoned by a certain poison. The fact that other persons who were poisonedKEEP READING
47. Opinions as to handwriting when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom document was written or signed, the opinion of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the person by whom it is supposed to be written or signed that itKEEP READING
47A. Opinion as to electronic signature when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the electronic signature of any person, the opinion of the Certifying Authority which has issued the electronic Signature Certificate is a relevant fact. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way.KEEP READING
48. Opinion as to existence of right or custom when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to existence of any general custom or right, the opinions as to the existence of such custom or rights, of persons who would be likely to know of its existenceKEEP READING
49. Opinion as to usages, tenants etc when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to – the usage’s and tenants of any body of men or family, the constitution and government of any religious or charitable foundation, or the meaning of words or terms used inKEEP READING
50. Opinion on relationship when relevant. When the Court has to form an opinion as to the relationship of one person to another, the opinion, expressed by conduct, as to the existence of such relationship, or any person who, as a member of the family or otherwise, has special meansKEEP READING
51. Grounds of opinion when relevant. Whenever the opinion of any living person is relevant, the grounds on which such opinion is based are also relevant. Illustration– An expert may give an account of experiments performed by him for the purpose of forming his opinion. Read Indian Evidence Act inKEEP READING
52. In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant. In civil cases, the fact that the character of any person concerned is such as to render probable or improbably any conduct imputed to him, is irrelevant except in so far as such character appears from facts otherwise relevant. ReadKEEP READING
53. In criminal cases, previous good character relevant. In criminal proceedings the fact that the person accused is of good character, is relevant. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act each section wise. Download beautiful, colourful PDF for Evidence Act.KEEP READING
53A. Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases. In the prosecution for an offence under section 354, section 354A, section 354B, section 354C, section 354D, section 376, section 376A, section 376AB*, section 376B, section 376C, section 376D, section 376DA*, section 376DB* or section 376E of theKEEP READING
54. Previous bad character not relevant except in reply. In criminal proceedings the fact that the accused person had a bad character is irrelevant, unless evidence has been given that he has a character in which case it becomes relevant. Explanation 1- This section does not apply to cases inKEEP READING
55. Character as affecting damages. In civil cases, the fact that the character of any person is such as to affect the amount of damages which he ought to receive is relevant. Explanation- In Section 52, 53, 54 and 55, the word “character” includes both reputation and disposition; but exceptKEEP READING
56. Fact Judicially noticeable need not be proved. No fact of which the Court will take judicial notice need be proved. Comments: Judicial Notice of fact that many blind persons have acquired great academic distinctions can be taken by court. Related Case- Jai Shankar Prasad v. State of Bihar, 1993 ReadKEEP READING
57. Facts of which Court must take judicial notice. The Court shall take judicial notice of the following facts- 1- All laws in force in the territory of India. 2- All public Acts passed or hereafter to be passed by Parliament of the United Kingdom, and all local and personal Acts directedKEEP READING
58. Facts admitted need not be proved. No fact need to be proved in any proceeding which the parties thereto or their agents agree to admit at the hearing, or which, before the hearing, they agree to admit by any writing under their hands, or which by any rule of pleadingKEEP READING
