Constitution of India (2024)

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA,
having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all FRATERNITY…KEEP READING

The Union and its Territory

Article 1 – Name and territory of the Union.
Article 2 – Admission or establishment of new States.
Article 2A – Sikkim to be associated with the Union.
Article 3 – Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing  States.
Article 4 – Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.KEEP READING

Citizenship

Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
Article 7 – Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
Article 8 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
Article 9 – Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
Article 10 – Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
Article 11 – Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.KEEP READING

Fundamental Rights

Article 12 – Definition.
Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Article 14 – Equality before law.
Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability.
Article 18 – Abolition of titles.
Article 19 – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.KEEP READING

Directive Principles of State Policy

Article 36 – Definition.
Article 37 – Application of the principles contained in this Part.
Article 38 – State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
Article 39 – Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
Article 39A – Equal justice and free legal aid.
Article 40 – Organisation of village panchayats.
Article 41 – Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.KEEP READING

Fundamental Duties

51A. Fundamental duties.
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;KEEP READING

The Union

Chapter I – The Executive
Article 52. The President of India.
Article 53. Executive power of the Union.
Article 54. Election of President.
Article 55. Manner of election of President.
Article 56. Term of office of President.
Article 57. Eligibility for re-election.
Article 58. Qualifications for election as President.KEEP READING

The States

Chapter I – General
Article 152 – Definition.

Chapter II – The Executive
Article 153 – Governors of States.
Article 154. Executive power of State.
Article 155 – Appointment of Governor.
Article 156 – Term of office of Governor.
Article 157 – Qualifications for appointment as Governor.KEEP READING

Repealed

Article 238

The States in Part B of the First Schedule. Repealed by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. with effect from 1-11-1956.

Extra Read:
First of all lets understand that the article 238 of Indian Constitution was repealed in 1956 after the “part B” states were removed and were included as ‘states’ after the 7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956.KEEP READING

The Union Territories

Article 239 – Administration of Union territories.
Article 239A – Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
Article 239AA – Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
Article 239AB – Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
Article 239B – Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.KEEP READING

The Panchayats

Article 243 – Definitions.
Article 243A – Gram Sabha.
Article 243B – Constitution of Panchayats.
Article 243C – Composition of Panchayats.
Article 243D – Reservation of seats.
Article 243E – Duration of Panchayats, etc.
Article 243F – Disqualifications for membership.KEEP READING

The Municipalities

Article 243P – Definitions.
Article 243Q – Constitution of Municipalities.
Article 243R – Composition of Municipalities.
Article 243S – Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
Article 243T – Reservation of seats.
Article 243U – Duration of Municipalities, etc.
Article 243V -Disqualifications for membership.

KEEP READING

The Co-Operative Societies.

Article 243ZH – Definitions.
Article 243ZI – Incorporation of co-operative societies.
Article 243ZJ – Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.
Article 243ZK – Election of members of board.
Article 243ZL – Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.
Article 243ZM – Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.
Article 243ZN – Convening of general body meetings.KEEP READING

The Scheduled And Tribal Areas

Article 244 – Administration of Scheduled Areas and tribal areas.
Article 244A – Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.

244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and tribal areas.
(1) The provisions of the Fifth Schedule shall apply to the administration and control of the Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes in any State other than the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.KEEP READING

Relations Between The Union And The States

Chapter I – Legislative Relations
Article 245 – Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
Article 246 – Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
Article 246A – Special provision with respect to goods and services tax.
Article 247 – Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
Article 248 – Residuary powers of legislation.
Article 249 – Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.KEEP READING

Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Chapter I – Finance
Article 264 – Interpretation.
Article 265 – Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
Article 266 – Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
Article 267 – Contingency Fund.
Article 268 – Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States.
Article 268A – Service tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States.KEEP READING

Trade, Commerce And Intercourse Within The Territory Of India

Article 301 – Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
Article 302 – Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
Article 303 – Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
Article 304 – Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
Article 305 – Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.KEEP READING

Services Under The Union And The States

Chapter I – Services
Article 308 – Interpretation.
Article 309 – Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
Article 310 – Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
Article 311 – Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
Article 312 – All-India services.KEEP READING

Tribunals

Article 323A. Administrative tribunals.

(1) Parliament may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State or of any local or other authority within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India or of any corporation owned or controlled by the Government.KEEP READING

Elections

Article 324 – Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
Article 325 – No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
Article 326 – Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
Article 327 – Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.KEEP READING

Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes

Article 330 – Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
Article 331 – Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People.
Article 332 – Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Article 333 – Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Article 334 – Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period.KEEP READING

Official Language

Article 343 – Official language of the Union.
Article 344 – Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.
Article 345 – Official language or languages of a State.
Article 346 – Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
Article 347 – Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.KEEP READING

Emergency Provisions

Article 352 – Proclamation of Emergency.
Article 353 – Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
Article 354 – Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
Article 355 – Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.KEEP READING

Miscellaneous

Article 361 – Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.
Article 361A – Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Article 361B – Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.
Article 362 – Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.
Article 363 – Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.KEEP READING

Amendment of the Constitution

Article 368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.

(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in this article.
KEEP READING

Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.

Article 369 to Article 392 of the Constitution of India.

Article 369 – Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
Article 370 – Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Article 371 – Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.KEEP READING

Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals

Article 393 – Short title.
Article 394 – Commencement.
Article 394A – Authoritative text in the Hindi language.
Article 395 – Repeals.KEEP READING

[Articles 1 and 4]

I. THE STATES
1. Andhra Pradesh. The territories specified in sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Andhra State Act, 1953, sub-section (1) of section 3 of the States Reorganization Act, 1956, the First Schedule to the Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration of Boundaries) Act, 1959, and the Schedule to the Andhra Pradesh and Mysore (Transfer of Territory) Act, 1968, but excluding the territories specified in the Second Schedule to the Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration of Boundaries) Act, 1959.KEEP READING

[Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221]

Please click here to read the Second Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

There have been some Amendments to the Second Schedule of the Constitution in 2015 by the 100th Amendment Act. Very Important. Please click here to download the full 100th Amendment Act of the Constitution.KEEP READING

[Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219]
Forms of Oaths or Affirmations

Please click here to read the Third Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

There have been some amendments to the Third Schedule of the Constitution in 2015 by the 100th Amendment Act. Very Important.KEEP READING

[Articles 4(1) and 80(2)]

Allocation of seats in the Council of States

To each State or Union territory specified in the first column of the following table, there shall be allotted the number of seats specified in the second column thereof opposite to that State or that Union territory, as the case may be.KEEP READING

Fifth Schedule: Article 244(1)

Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes

PART A – GENERAL

1. Interpretation: In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression “State” does not include the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.KEEP READING

Sixth Schedule

Article 244(2) and Article 275(1)

Download Sixth Schedule PDF (Better that this post)
(Source- legislative.gov.in)

There were amendments in 6th schedule by 101st amendment act in 2016. Please download the pdf for 101st amendment act here.KEEP READING

Seventh Schedule
(Article 246)
List I – Union List

1. Defence of India and every part thereof including preparation for defence and all such acts as may be conducive in times of war to its prosecution and after its termination to effective demobilisation.

2. Naval, military and air forces; any other armed forces of the Union.KEEP READING

Eighth Schedule.
Article 344(1) and Article 351
Languages
1. Assamese.
2. Bengali.
3. Bodo.
4. Dogri.
5. Gujarati.
6. Hindi.KEEP READING

Ninth Schedule
(Article 31B)

1. The Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950 (Bihar Act XXX of 1950).
2. The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Bombay Act LXVII of 1948).
3. The Bombay Maleki Tenure Abolition Act, 1949 (Bombay Act LXI of 1949).
4. The Bombay Taluqdari Tenure Abolition Act, 1949 (Bombay Act LXII of 1949).KEEP READING

Tenth Schedule: Article 102(2) and Article 191(2)

Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.

1. Interpretation.
In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,-
(a) “House” means either House of Parliament or the Legislative Assembly or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature of a State;KEEP READING

Eleventh Schedule: (Article 243G)

1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension.
2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation.
3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development.
4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry.
5. Fisheries.
6. Social forestry and farm forestry.KEEP READING

Twelfth Schedule: (Article 243W)

1. Urban planning including town planning.
2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
3. Planning for economic and social development.
4. Roads and bridges.
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.KEEP READING