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90. Presumption as to documents thirty years old. Where any document, purporting or proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document, which purports toKEEP READING
90A. Presumption as to electronic records five years old. Where any electronic record, purporting or proved to be five years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case considers proper, the Court may presume that the digital signature which purports to be the digital signatureKEEP READING
91. Evidence of terms of contracts, grant and other dispositions of property reduced to form of documents. When the terms of a contract, or of a grant, or of any other disposition of property have been reduced to the form of a document, and in all cases in which anyKEEP READING
92. Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement. When the terms of any such contract, grant or other disposition of property, or any matter required by law to be reduced to the form of a document, have been proved according to the last section, no evidence of any oral agreement orKEEP READING
93. Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document. When the language used in a document is, on its face, ambiguous or defective, evidence may not be given of facts which would show its meaning or supply its defects. Illustrations- (a) A agrees, in writing, to sell a horse toKEEP READING
94. Exclusion of evidence against application of document of existing facts. When language used in a document is plain in itself, and when it applies accurately to existing facts, evidence may not be given to show that it was not meant to apply to such facts. Illustrations- A sells toKEEP READING
95. Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts. When language used in a document is plain in itself, but is unmeaning in reference to existing facts, evidence may be given to show that it was used in a peculiar sense. Illustration- A sells to B, by deedKEEP READING
96. Evidence as to application of languages which can apply to one only of several persons. When the facts are such that the language used might have been meant to apply to any one, and could not have been meant to apply to more than one of several persons orKEEP READING
97. Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts to neither of which the whole correctly applies. When the language used applies partly to one set of existing facts and, partly to another set of existing facts, but the whole of it does not applyKEEP READING
98. Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc. Evidence may be given to show the meaning of illegible or not commonly intelligible characters, of foreign, obsolete, technical, local or provincial expressions, of abbreviations and of words used in a peculiar sense. Illustration- A, a sculptor, agrees to sell toKEEP READING
99. Who may give evidence of agreement varying term of document. Person who are not parties to document, or their representatives in interest may give evidence of any fact tending to show a contemporaneous agreement varying the terms of the document. Illustration- A and B make a contract in writingKEEP READING
100. Saving of provisions of India Succession Act relating to wills. Nothing in this Chapter contained shall be taken to affect any of the provisions of the Succession Act (X of 1865) as to the construction to wills. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence ActKEEP READING
101. Burden of Proof. Whoever desires any Court to give judgment as to any legal right or liability dependent on the existence to facts which he asserts, must prove that those facts exist. When a person is bound to prove the existence of any fact, it is said that theKEEP READING
102. On whom burden of proof lies. The burden of proof in a suit or proceeding lies on that person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on either side. Illustration- (a) A sues B for land of which B is in possession, and which, as AKEEP READING
103. Burden of proof as to particular fact. The burden of proof as to any particular fact lies on that person who wishes the Court to believe in its existence, unless it is provided by any law that the proof of that fact shall lie on any particular person. Illustration-KEEP READING
104. Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible. The burden of proving any fact necessary to be proved in order to enable any person to give evidence of any other fact is on the person who wishes to give such evidence. Illustrations- (a) A wishes toKEEP READING
