WritingLaw (Page 226)

79. Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies. The Court shall presume to be genuine every document purporting to be a certificate, certified copy, or other document, which is by law declared to be admissible as evidence of any particular fact, and which purports to be duly certified by anyKEEP READING

80. Presumption as to documents produced as records of evidence. Whenever any document is produced before any Court, purporting to be a record or memorandum of the evidence, or of any part of the evidence, given by a witness in a judicial proceeding or before any officer authorised by lawKEEP READING

81. Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents. The Court shall presume the genuineness of every document purporting to be the London Gazette, or any official Gazette or the Government Gazette of any colony, dependency or possession of the British Crown, or to be aKEEP READING

81A. Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms. The Court shall presume the genuineness of every electronic record purporting to be the Official Gazette or purporting to be electronic record directed by any law to be kept by any person, if such electronic record is kept substantially in the formKEEP READING

82. Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature. When any document is produced before any Court, purporting to be a document which, by the law in force for the time being in England or Ireland, would be admissible in proof of any particular inKEEP READING

83. Presumption as to Maps or Plans made by authority of Government. The Court shall presume that maps or plans purporting to be made by the authority of the Central Government or any State Government were so made, and are accurate, but maps or plans made for the purposes ofKEEP READING

84. Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions. The Court shall presume the genuineness of every book purporting to be printed and published under the authority of the Government of any country, and to contain any of the laws of that country; and of every book purportingKEEP READING

85. Presumption as to powers of attorney. The Court shall presume that every document purporting to be a power-of-attorney, and to have been executed before, and authenticated by, a Notary Public, or any Court, Judge, Magistrate, Indian Consul or Vice-Consul, or representative of the Central Government, was so executed andKEEP READING

85A. Presumption as to electronic agreements. The Court shall presume that every electronic record purporting to be an agreement containing the electronic signatures of the parties was so concluded by affixing the electronic signature of the parties. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence Act eachKEEP READING

85B. Presumption as to electronic records and digital signatures. (1)In any proceedings involving a secure electronic record, the Court shall presume unless contrary is proved, that the secure electronic record has not been altered since the specific point of time to which the secure status relates. (2) In any proceedings,KEEP READING

85C. Presumption as to Digital Signature Certificates. The Court shall presume, unless contrary is proved, that the information listed in a Electronic Signature Certificate is correct, except for information specified as subscriber information which has not been verified, if the certificate was accepted by the subscriber. Read Indian Evidence ActKEEP READING

86. Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records. The Court may presume that any document purporting to be a certified copy of any judicial record of any country not forming part of India or of Her Majesty’s dominions is genuine and accurate, if the document purports to beKEEP READING

87. Presumption as to Books, Maps and Charts. The Court may presume that any book to which it may refer for information on matters of public or general interest, and that any published map or chart, the statements of which are relevant facts, and which is produced for its inspection,KEEP READING

88. Presumption as to Telegraphic Messages. The Court may presume that a message, forwarded from a telegraph office to the person to whom such message purports to be addressed, corresponds with a message delivered for transmission at the office from which the message purports to be sent; but the CourtKEEP READING

88A. Presumption as to electronic messages. The Court may presume that an electronic message, forwarded by the originator through an electronic mail server to the addressee to whom the message purports to be addressed corresponds with the message as fed into his computer for transmission; but the Court shall notKEEP READING

89. Presumption as to due execution etc., of documents not produced. The Court shall presume that every document, called for and not produced after notice to produce, was attested, stamped and executed in the manner required by law. Read Indian Evidence Act in a beautiful, systematic way. Read Evidence ActKEEP READING