Difference between Public and Private Documents

1. Section 74 of the Indian Evidence Act defines public documents –

Documents forming the act or records of sovereign authority namely Parliament, Legislative Assemblies, official bodies, tribunals, public officers or any part of India or of Commonwealth or foreign country.

Section 75 says that all other documents other than public and private documents.KEEP READING

March 2021 - Law News for Students and Advocates

1. The last three accused of the 2004 Ishrat Jahan’s encounter case have been discharged by a special CBI court today. The three accused were Indian Police Service officer G.L. Singhal, State Reserve Police Commando Anaju Chaudhary and retired Director General of Police Tarun Barot.

While delivering the order, the Court has stated that the act done by the accused was in the discharge of their duties or implied in the discharge of their duties.KEEP READING

Important Terms in Muslim Law

Muslim law is a part of personal laws or family laws. It is not a codified law. People belonging to Islam are governed through shariyat. While studying, there are many terminologies and terms which are difficult to be understood. Most of the terms are in Arab, but it is not that difficult.

Important Terms in Muslim Law

1. Ayyam-e-jahiliya- It refers to the pre-Islamic era.KEEP READING

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 Updated 2019 Part 1

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 ACT No. 26 OF 1996 An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards as also to define the law relating to conciliation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. PreambleKEEP READING

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATIVES OF HUSBAND

Cruelty by Husband or Relatives of Husband

498A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.

Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.

Explanation-
For the purpose of this section, “cruelty” means-KEEP READING

DEFAMATION

Defamation

Section 499 – Defamation.
Section 500 – Punishment for defamation.
Section 501 – Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory.
Section 502 – Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter.

Whoever, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter expected, to defame that person.KEEP READING

CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULT AND ANNOYANCE

Criminal Intimidation, Insult And Annoyance

Section 503 – Criminal intimidation.
Section 504 – Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace.
Section 505 – Statements conducing to public mischief.
Section 506 – Punishment for criminal intimidation.
Section 507 – Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication.
Section 508 – Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure.
Section 509 – Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.
Section 510 – Misconduct in public by a drunken person.KEEP READING

February 2021 - Law News for Students and Advocates

1. A petition against the opening of the school by the state government has been registered in the High Court of Chattisgarh. The petition was filed as the schools are being opened without having done the vaccination of students.

2. The High Court of Delhi has been instructed by the Central Government that the channel owners must check that their telecast does not violate the Programme Code and check that a Fact-Checking Unit has been established to confront fake news.KEEP READING

What is Cooperative and Competitive Federalism

Cooperative federalism means that there should be a mechanism for coordination between the union and the states. Institutions like the national development council, finance commission, and zonal councils have promoted cooperative federalism.

Competitive federalism is a philosophy that promotes competition between the states and the union and between the state governments.KEEP READING

248. Residuary powers of legislation. (1) Subject to article 246A*, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. (2) Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either ofKEEP READING

ATTEMPTS TO COMMIT OFFENCES

Attempts To Commit Offences

511. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.

Whoever attempts to commit an offence punishable by this Code with imprisonment for life or imprisonment, or to cause such an offence to be committed, and in such attempt does any act towards the commission of the offence, shall, where no express provision is made by this Code for the punishment of such attempt…KEEP READING